Google JavaScript 编码规范指南

/**
 * The number of seconds in a minute.
 * @type {number}
 */
goog.example.SECONDS_IN_A_MINUTE = 60;

/**
 * The number of seconds in each of the given units.
 * @type {Object.<number>}
 * @const
 */
goog.example.SECONDS_TABLE = {
  minute: 60,
  hour: 60 * 60,
  day: 60 * 60 * 24
}

// 1.
MyClass.prototype.myMethod = function() {
  return 42;
}  // No semicolon here.

(function() {
  // Some initialization code wrapped in a function to create a scope for locals.
})();


var x = {
  'i': 1,
  'j': 2
}  // No semicolon here.

// 2.  Trying to do one thing on Internet Explorer and another on Firefox.
// I know you'd never write code like this, but throw me a bone.
[normalVersion, ffVersion][isIE]();


var THINGS_TO_EAT = [apples, oysters, sprayOnCheese]  // No semicolon here.

// 3. conditional execution a la bash
-1 == resultOfOperation() || die();

if (x) {
  function foo() {}
}

if (x) {
  var foo = function() {}
}

var x = new Boolean(false);
if (x) {
  alert('hi');  // Shows 'hi'.
}

var x = Boolean(0);
if (x) {
  alert('hi');  // This will never be alerted.
}
typeof Boolean(0) == 'boolean';
typeof new Boolean(0) == 'object';

function D() {
  goog.base(this)
}
goog.inherits(D, B);

D.prototype.method = function() {
  ...
};

Foo.prototype.bar = function() {
  /* ... */
};

function foo(element, a, b) {
  element.onclick = function() { /* uses a and b */ };
}

function foo(element, a, b) {
  element.onclick = bar(a, b);
}

function bar(a, b) {
  return function() { /* uses a and b */ }
}

users = [
  {
    name: 'Eric',
    id: 37824,
    email: 'jellyvore@myway.com'
  },
  {
    name: 'xtof',
    id: 31337,
    email: 'b4d455h4x0r@google.com'
  },
  ...
];

var userOnline = false;
var user = 'nusrat';
var xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
xmlhttp.open('GET', 'http://chat.google.com/isUserOnline?user=' + user, false);
xmlhttp.send('');
// Server returns:
// userOnline = true;
if (xmlhttp.status == 200) {
  eval(xmlhttp.responseText);
}
// userOnline is now true.

with (foo) {
  var x = 3;
  return x;
}

function printArray(arr) {
  for (var key in arr) {
    print(arr[key]);
  }
}

printArray([0,1,2,3]);  // This works.

var a = new Array(10);
printArray(a);  // This is wrong.

a = document.getElementsByTagName('*');
printArray(a);  // This is wrong.

a = [0,1,2,3];
a.buhu = 'wine';
printArray(a);  // This is wrong again.

a = new Array;
a[3] = 3;
printArray(a);  // This is wrong again.

function printArray(arr) {
  var l = arr.length;
  for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
    print(arr[i]);
  }
}

var myString = 'A rather long string of English text, an error message \
                actually that just keeps going and going -- an error \
                message to make the Energizer bunny blush (right through \
                those Schwarzenegger shades)! Where was I? Oh yes, \
                you\'ve got an error and all the extraneous whitespace is \
                just gravy.  Have a nice day.';

// Length is 3.
var a1 = new Array(x1, x2, x3);

// Length is 2.
var a2 = new Array(x1, x2);

// If x1 is a number and it is a natural number the length will be x1.
// If x1 is a number but not a natural number this will throw an exception.
// Otherwise the array will have one element with x1 as its value.
var a3 = new Array(x1);

// Length is 0.
var a4 = new Array();

var a = [x1, x2, x3];
var a2 = [x1, x2];
var a3 = [x1];
var a4 = [];

var o = new Object();

var o2 = new Object();
o2.a = 0;
o2.b = 1;
o2.c = 2;
o2['strange key'] = 3;

var o = {};

var o2 = {
  a: 0,
  b: 1,
  c: 2,
  'strange key': 3
};

var f = function () {
    /*@cc_on if (@_jscript) { return 2* @*/  3; /*@ } @*/
};

var sloth = {};

sloth.sleep = function() {
  ...
};

goog.provide('sloth');

sloth.sleep = function() {
  ...
};

foo.require('foo.hats');

/**
 * WRONG -- Do NOT do this.
 * @constructor
 * @extend {foo.hats.RoundHat}
 */
foo.hats.BowlerHat = function() {
};

foo.provide('googleyhats.BowlerHat');

foo.require('foo.hats');

/**
 * @constructor
 * @extend {foo.hats.RoundHat}
 */
googleyhats.BowlerHat = function() {
  ...
};

goog.exportSymbol('foo.hats.BowlerHat', googleyhats.BowlerHat);

/**
 * @constructor
 */
some.long.namespace.MyClass = function() {
};

/**
 * @param {some.long.namespace.MyClass} a
 */
some.long.namespace.MyClass.staticHelper = function(a) {
  ...
};

myapp.main = function() {
  var MyClass = some.long.namespace.MyClass;
  var staticHelper = some.long.namespace.MyClass.staticHelper;
  staticHelper(new MyClass());
};

myapp.main = function() {
  var namespace = some.long.namespace;
  namespace.MyClass.staticHelper(new namespace.MyClass());
};

/** @enum {string} */
some.long.namespace.Fruit = {
  APPLE: 'a',
  BANANA: 'b'
};

myapp.main = function() {
  var Fruit = some.long.namespace.Fruit;
  switch (fruit) {
    case Fruit.APPLE:
      ...
    case Fruit.BANANA:
      ...
  }
};

myapp.main = function() {
  var MyClass = some.long.namespace.MyClass;
  MyClass.staticHelper(null);
};

if (something) {
  // ...
} else {
  // ...
}

var arr = [1, 2, 3];  // No space after [ or before ].
var obj = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3};  // No space after { or before }.

// Object initializer.
var inset = {
  top: 10,
  right: 20,
  bottom: 15,
  left: 12
};

// Array initializer.
this.rows_ = [
  '"Slartibartfast" <fjordmaster@magrathea.com>',
  '"Zaphod Beeblebrox" <theprez@universe.gov>',
  '"Ford Prefect" <ford@theguide.com>',
  '"Arthur Dent" <has.no.tea@gmail.com>',
  '"Marvin the Paranoid Android" <marv@googlemail.com>',
  'the.mice@magrathea.com'
];

// Used in a method call.
goog.dom.createDom(goog.dom.TagName.DIV, {
  id: 'foo',
  className: 'some-css-class',
  style: 'display:none'
}, 'Hello, world!');

CORRECT_Object.prototype = {
  a: 0,
  b: 1,
  lengthyName: 2
};

WRONG_Object.prototype = {
  a          : 0,
  b          : 1,
  lengthyName: 2
};

// Four-space, wrap at 80.  Works with very long function names, survives
// renaming without reindenting, low on space.
goog.foo.bar.doThingThatIsVeryDifficultToExplain = function(
    veryDescriptiveArgumentNumberOne, veryDescriptiveArgumentTwo,
    tableModelEventHandlerProxy, artichokeDescriptorAdapterIterator) {
  // ...
};

// Four-space, one argument per line.  Works with long function names,
// survives renaming, and emphasizes each argument.
goog.foo.bar.doThingThatIsVeryDifficultToExplain = function(
    veryDescriptiveArgumentNumberOne,
    veryDescriptiveArgumentTwo,
    tableModelEventHandlerProxy,
    artichokeDescriptorAdapterIterator) {
  // ...
};

// Parenthesis-aligned indentation, wrap at 80.  Visually groups arguments,
// low on space.
function foo(veryDescriptiveArgumentNumberOne, veryDescriptiveArgumentTwo,
             tableModelEventHandlerProxy, artichokeDescriptorAdapterIterator) {
  // ...
}

// Parenthesis-aligned, one argument per line.  Visually groups and
// emphasizes each individual argument.
function bar(veryDescriptiveArgumentNumberOne,
             veryDescriptiveArgumentTwo,
             tableModelEventHandlerProxy,
             artichokeDescriptorAdapterIterator) {
  // ...
}

var names = items.map(function(item) {
                        return item.name;
                      });

prefix.something.reallyLongFunctionName('whatever', function(a1, a2) {
  if (a1.equals(a2)) {
    someOtherLongFunctionName(a1);
  } else {
    andNowForSomethingCompletelyDifferent(a2.parrot);
  }
});

someWonderfulHtml = '' +
                    getEvenMoreHtml(someReallyInterestingValues, moreValues,
                                    evenMoreParams, 'a duck', true, 72,
                                    slightlyMoreMonkeys(0xfff)) +
                    '';

thisIsAVeryLongVariableName =
    hereIsAnEvenLongerOtherFunctionNameThatWillNotFitOnPrevLine();

thisIsAVeryLongVariableName = 'expressionPartOne' + someMethodThatIsLong() +
    thisIsAnEvenLongerOtherFunctionNameThatCannotBeIndentedMore();

someValue = this.foo(
    shortArg,
    'Some really long string arg - this is a pretty common case, actually.',
    shorty2,
    this.bar());

if (searchableCollection(allYourStuff).contains(theStuffYouWant) &&
    !ambientNotification.isActive() && (client.isAmbientSupported() ||
                                        client.alwaysTryAmbientAnyways()) {
  ambientNotification.activate();
}

doSomethingTo(x);
doSomethingElseTo(x);
andThen(x);

nowDoSomethingWith(y);

andNowWith(z);

var x = a ? b : c;  // All on one line if it will fit.

// Indentation +4 is OK.
var y = a ?
    longButSimpleOperandB : longButSimpleOperandC;

// Indenting to the line position of the first operand is also OK.
var z = a ?
        moreComplicatedB :
        moreComplicatedC;

var msg = 'This is some HTML';

// File 1.
// AA_PrivateClass_ and AA_init_ are accessible because they are global
// and in the same file.

/**
 * @private
 * @constructor
 */
AA_PrivateClass_ = function() {
};

/** @private */
function AA_init_() {
  return new AA_PrivateClass_();
}

AA_init_();

// File 1.

/** @constructor */
  AA_PublicClass = function() {
};

/** @private */
AA_PublicClass.staticPrivateProp_ = 1;

/** @private */
AA_PublicClass.prototype.privateProp_ = 2;

/** @protected */
AA_PublicClass.staticProtectedProp = 31;

/** @protected */
AA_PublicClass.prototype.protectedProp = 4;

// File 2.

/**
 * @return {number} The number of ducks we've arranged in a row.
 */
AA_PublicClass.prototype.method = function() {
  // Legal accesses of these two properties.
  return this.privateProp_ + AA_PublicClass.staticPrivateProp_;
};

// File 3.

/**
 * @constructor
 * @extends {AA_PublicClass}
 */
AA_SubClass = function() {
  // Legal access of a protected static property.
  AA_PublicClass.staticProtectedProp = this.method();
};
goog.inherits(AA_SubClass, AA_PublicClass);

/**
 * @return {number} The number of ducks we've arranged in a row.
 */
AA_SubClass.prototype.method = function() {
  // Legal access of a protected instance property.
  return this.protectedProp;
};

/**
 * Some class, initialized with a value.
 * @param {Object} value Some value.
 * @constructor
 */
function MyClass(value) {
  /**
   * Some value.
   * @type {Object}
   * @private
   */
  this.myValue_ = value;
}

/**
 * Some class, initialized with a non-null value.
 * @param {!Object} value Some value.
 * @constructor
 */
function MyClass(value) {
  /**
   * Some value.
   * @type {!Object}
   * @private
   */
  this.myValue_ = value;
}

/**
 * Some class, initialized with an optional value.
 * @param {Object=} opt_value Some value (optional).
 * @constructor
 */
function MyClass(opt_value) {
  /**
   * Some value.
   * @type {Object|undefined}
   * @private
   */
  this.myValue_ = opt_value;
}

/**
 * Takes four arguments, two of which are nullable, and two of which are
 * optional.
 * @param {!Object} nonNull Mandatory (must not be undefined), must not be null.
 * @param {Object} mayBeNull Mandatory (must not be undefined), may be null.
 * @param {!Object=} opt_nonNull Optional (may be undefined), but if present,
 *     must not be null!
 * @param {Object=} opt_mayBeNull Optional (may be undefined), may be null.
 */
function strangeButTrue(nonNull, mayBeNull, opt_nonNull, opt_mayBeNull) {
  // ...
};

// Copyright 2009 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.

/**
 * @fileoverview Description of file, its uses and information
 * about its dependencies.
 * @author user@google.com (Firstname Lastname)
 */